NBIA now includes (a) PKAN (also called NBIA1) caused by mutations in the PANK2 gene, (b) PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN, NBIA2) due to phospholipase A2 mutations, (c) neuroferritinopathy due to mutations in the ferritin light chain (FTL) gene, (d) aceruloplasminemia due to a mutation in the ceruloplasmin gene, and (e) sporadic cases of NBIA in which the genetic background has not been identified. This evidence concerns the gene FTL and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.