Other studies that evaluated IFN-γ serum levels in HBV infection and IFN-γ production in PBMC cultures in acutely ill patients, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and normal individuals stimulated with LPS (Lipopolysaccharide), PHA (Phytohemagglutinin), or Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) antigens also support our findings of higher IFN-γ levels in PTB patients that were T allele carriers (TA/TT) [29–31]. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is cutaneous leishmaniasis.