One recent study, a phase 1 dose escalation trial of ipilimumab given concurrently with a fixed dose of GM-CSF–transduced allogeneic prostate cancer cells, reported that the higher doses (3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) were tolerated well in most patients and produced some PSA declines of >50% in seven patients (25% of patients in the 3 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg cohorts) 32. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and Familial prostate cancer.