PNCK and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: [14], [15] On the basis of studies, PNCK is found to play a role in cytoplasmic and nuclear signal transduction. [16], [17] However, the detailed molecular and genetic understanding of how PNCK contributes to the malignant ccRCC remains largely unknown. The possible association between PNCK and the development or progression of ccRCC has not been clarified.