This is especially relevant concerning the proposed function of YopK as a regulator of translocation of effector Yops, a model that predicts increased injection of at least 3 immunomodulators: YopJ, YopH and YopM by yopK mutant Yersinia. Although YopJ has well-characterized activity in the prevention of NF-κB activation, suppression of TNF-α secretion and induction of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, yopJ mutant Y. pestis exhibited little to no virulence defects in rodent models of plague. Here, TNF is linked to plague.