To demonstrate that the antiviral activity of 5′pppRNA against influenza relies on RIG-I signaling, A549 cells were knocked down for RIG-I and infected with influenza; in the knockdown, ISGs were not induced (Fig. 7E, lanes 3 vs. 6) and 5′pppRNA treatment failed to inhibit NS1 expression (Fig. 7E; lanes 5 vs. 6), indicating that the antiviral effect of 5′pppRNA is exclusively dependent on RIG-I. The gene discussed is RIGI; the disease is influenza.