Although obesity (Colditz et al. 1995), diet (Hu et al. 2001), and physical inactivity (Manson et al. 1991b) have been identified as important risk factors for type 2 diabetes, there is increasing evidence that insulin resistance, the underlying hallmark and pathophysiological mechanism leading to type 2 diabetes, can be aggravated by factors that promote inflammatory responses (Hotamisligil 2006). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.