In addition to its key antimicrobial role (Brodsky and Monack, 2009), the inflammasome has been implicated in numerous autoinflammatory syndromes associated with either mutations of receptors such as NLRP3 (also known as cryopyrin) or with the chronic presence of danger signals (Jeru et al., 2008; Dombrowski et al., 2011; Mason et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and autoinflammatory syndrome.