Despite promising preclinical data with neratinib (HKI-272; an irreversible ERBB inhibitor of EGFR and ERBB2) in the ERBB2-mutant NCI-H1781 cell line (Shimamura et al., 2006), clinical evaluation in patients with EGFR-driven lung adenocarcinomas does not support use of this inhibitor as a single agent (Wong et al., 2009; Sequist et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and lung adenocarcinoma.