Cereal fiber, as a heterogeneous nutrient category, is associated with a host of health benefits: reductions in weight and waist circumference [13], body mass index, percent body fat and percent trunk fat mass [14]; improvements in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity [15,16,17]; decreased risk of metabolic syndrome [18] and diabetes [19]; and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease [6,7] and death [7,8,9]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.