A later study indicated that ciliary frequencies are decreased in breast cancer tissue and breast cancer-derived cell lines when compared to normal breast tissue fibroblast and epithelia; cilia frequencies after prolonged serum starvation were more severely reduced in cell lines derived from aggressive cancer lines, furthermore this was shown to be independent of increased proliferation through determining the number of Ki67 positive cells [154]. The gene discussed is MKI67; the disease is breast carcinoma.