Stimulation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (BHY-OSCC) cell line with hBD1 results in reduction of cell proliferation, whereas hBD2 and hBD3 stimulation causes promotion of cell proliferation, indicating that hBD2 and hBD3 might be protooncogenes in OSCCs [59]. This evidence concerns the gene DEFB1 and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.