Compared with controls, patients with MSA had significantly higher levels of IL-6 (Mann-Whitney U = 167.0, p = .005) and TNF-α (Mann-Whitney U = 153.0, p = .012), but not sIL-2R (t(51) = –0.86, p = 0.39, ns) or CRP (Mann-Whitney U = 253.0, p = .59, ns). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and multiple system atrophy.