In addition, we also reported that valproic acid (VPA), a short-branched fatty acid used as a mood-stabilizing agent for the treatment of manic-depressive illness (also known as bipolar disorder) and as an anticonvulsant [13], [14], can promote neurite outgrowth via the JNK activation in mouse neuroblastoma N1E115 cells [10], [11]. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is bipolar disorder.