Our analyses also suggest that thiram-induced TD at the early stages is primarily associated with multiple metabolic pathways, focal adhesion, Jak-STAT, adipocytokine signaling pathway, GnRH signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, Wnt, TGF-β, VEGF, and insulin signaling pathways. Here, VEGFA is linked to thanatophoric dysplasia.