To test this hypothesis, in AOM-induced colon tumors from mice treated with or without bethanechol, we performed QPCR to examine the expression of murine Mmp1a, Mmp7, Mmp10 and other Mmps that are also implicated in colon carcinogenesis [18-20], including Mmp2, 3, 9 and 13. Murine Mmp1a is the homologue of human MMP1[21]. Here, MMP1 is linked to colonic neoplasm.