SERPINA1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: [12]–[14] AFP is a well-known HCC seromarker, and AAR is a cirrhotic marker that may reflect progressive liver functional impairment if it equals 1 or higher. [22] Serum GGT mostly comes from liver; it has been found to be useful for the diagnosis of HCC in patients with low AFP levels or at a relatively early stage. [27] The deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin, the main (∼90%) protein of the alpha-1 globulins, has been found to be associated with an increased risk for liver damage, cirrhosis and HCC. [28].