INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In view of the hypoglycaemic effects of P glandulosa, as well as its ability to partially restore the function of pancreatic tissue and increase cardiomyocyte insulin sensitivity,7 we set out to determine the cardiovascular effects of treatment, using a well-characterised rat model of obesity and pre-diabetes with known cardiovascular insufficiency and endothelial dysfunction.10,11 In addition, using a rat model of high-fat feeding known to develop hypertension,12 we determined whether P glandulosa had any effects on the development of high blood pressure.