Model 1: adjusted for demographic (age, education, ethnicity) and anthropometric variables (height and waist circumference). Model 2: model 1 covariates plus lifestyle variables (alcohol, smoking, physical activity). Model 3: model 1 covariates plus medical comorbidities and biomarkers (arthritis, diabetes, heart condition, hypertension, homocysteine, and C-reactive protein). Model 4: fully adjusted model. The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is diabetes mellitus.