The nuclear localization mechanisms of cIAP1 and Survivin are similar: i)cIAP1 and Survivin are nuclear shuttling proteins whose subcellular localization is mediated by the CRM1-dependent nuclear export pathway; ii) cIAP1 and Survivin both contain CRM1-dependent leucine-rich nuclear export signals (NES) to regulate nuclear export; and iii) the CRM1-mediated export of cIAP1 and Survivin may be inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB), which leads to the accumulation of cIAP1 and Survivin in the nuclei of cancer cells. The gene discussed is XPO1; the disease is cancer.