NPPA and neoplasm: At the same time, TUNEL assay reveals that the apoptotic index of tumor cells in the 406-nm GEM-ANP (38.5 ± 17.2%) group is significantly higher than that in the 110-nm GEM-ANP (33.6 ± 11.2) and gemcitabine (32.2 ± 9.7%) groups (Figure 4).