MMP9 and central nervous system cancer: Combining the results in present study and previous literature, artemether combined with shRNA-VCAM-1 showed a synergistic inhibitory effect on angiogenesis, proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cell as well as promotion of apoptosis through inhibition of MMP-2, MMP-9 and PI3K/Akt pathway, resulting in the decline of malignancy of glioma cells (summarized in Figure 13).