INSR and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Genes involved in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway were also found to be differentially methylated based on BPA exposure, supporting previous work linking BPA concentrations with insulin resistance and type II diabetes [57], For example, N-glycans are key players mediating cell-to-cell communication, interacting with glycan-binding proteins [58], and can be attached to human insulin receptor (IR) and interfere with the IR interaction with antibodies or binding proteins by masking the surface of IR dimers [59].