More importantly we also showed that chronic treatment with low-dose MG132 can afford an effective therapy with an almost complete prevention for the progression of pathology in the aorta when the treatment was started on 3-month-old OVE26 mice that have exhibited renal dysfunction [15] and increased aortic TNF-α expression and 3-NT accumulation (Figure 1). Here, TNF is linked to Abnormal renal physiology.