By day 45, a wild-type Shigella infection will have cleared; thus, we assume that if we can control the bacterial population for long enough through antibody responses, other host’s immune responses such as CMI (e.g., cytotoxic T cells or production of IFN- and other pro-inflammatory cytokines that activate macrophages and enhance their ability to kill intracellular Shigella) will be sufficient to clear the infection. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and infection.