Using a rat model of obstructive jaundice, analysis of the terminal ileum has provided a fairly thorough molecular characterization of the effects of a twice-daily oral gavage using Lp. Specifically, the authors found that Lp lowered obstructive jaundice-mediated intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis and importantly increased mRNA expression of TJ proteins claudin-1 and -4, occludin, and ZO-1, in addition to PKC. The gene discussed is CLDN1; the disease is obstructive jaundice.