The main findings are that (i) CAPD patients with DN had a higher incidence of developing pneumonia than non-DN patients; (ii) risk factors for pneumonia occurrence were higher BMI and lower serum albumin in DN patients during CAPD, whereas older age was an independent predictor of the incidence of pneumonia in non-DN patients; and (iii) all-cause and pneumonia-related mortality rates were significantly higher in CAPD patients with DN. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is pneumonia.