We found that Gal-9 decreased the frequency of Th1 (IFNγ+ IL-4− CD3+ CD4+ cells) significantly, while Th2 (IL-4+ IFNγ− CD3+ CD4+ cells) were unchanged in Gal-9-treated MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice (Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and systemic lupus erythematosus.