To discriminate between regular and disease-related hematopoiesis and to determine whether mutant Npm1, a founder genetic lesion in AML, ultimately leads to the proliferation of diseased cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages [41], [42], we transplanted MNCs from three patients that carried mutant Npm1 into mice and monitored for the molecular aberration in cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages at the time point of analysis. This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia.