PTGS2 and Familial adenomatous polyposis: The utility of COX-2 as a target for cancer treatment has been debated for decades and the first clinical trials using COX-2-selective inhibitors for cancer treatment took place in the late 1990s when celecoxib was shown to reduce colon adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP;  Steinbach et al., 2000).