VEGFD and renal cell carcinoma: However, most notably, Klatte et al conducted an elegant study of key proteins in RCC pathogenesis using the TMA technique to show Ki67, p53, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and vascular endothelial growth factor ligand D (VEGFD) were associated with disease free survival (DFS) in localised RCC [12].