IL1B and Sepsis: Induction of autophagy with drugs (e.g., rapamycin) or starvation reduces secretion of IL-1β by macrophages and dendritic cells in response to LPS with alum or ATP or in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Induction of autophagy also decreases intracellular levels of pro-IL-1β. In a mouse model of LPS-induced sepsis, rapamycin decreases serum levels of IL-1β.