MAPK1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Kinases such as ERK2 and p38 are activated during eotaxin-1-induced Eos migration (Kampen et al., 2000) and in pancreatic cancer cells intracellular Gal-3 has been shown to activate Ras signaling, including down-stream phosphorylation of ERK, resulting in increased invasion (Song et al., 2012).