NFKB1 and neoplasm: In addition, the matrix metalloproteinases, cyclooxygenases, and adhesion molecules are the target genes of NF-κB signaling playing a crucial role in facilitating tumor cell invasion of the extracellular matrix [28], while TNF-α has been evident in inducing expression of genes involving tumor metastasis such as MMP-9 and ICAM-1 [29].