The molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of EA in the gut were clarified in a study devoted to the effect of this polyphenol on colon carcinogenesis [54]: EA (60 mg/kg), administered per os for 30 weeks in a rat model of colon cancer, reduced inflammatory status decreasing the expression and the production of COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α through the inhibition of NF-κB system [54]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and malignant colon neoplasm.