In studies where metformin activation of AMPK results in cessation of cancer cell growth, signalling is through LKB-1 tumour suppressor [178] suggesting that AMPK is a potentially bifunctional modulator, particularly relevant in the prostate cell, dominated by AR-regulated transcriptional landscape, and conversely may be dysregulated with AR as occurs in prostate cancer. Here, STK11 is linked to prostate carcinoma.