TNF and Hyperkalemia: • Decreased pH• Increased potassium concentrations (decreased Na-K-ATPase activity) with increased risks of hyperkalemia• Release of various molecules:○ Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha) and complement○ Biologically active lipids such as platelet-activating factor (PAF) [14]○ Free hemoglobin prone to scavenge nitric oxide (NO) of the recipient (together with Hb-containing microparticles) [109]○ Heme and iron [12] with potential redox injuries, cytotoxicity and inflammation