TNF and hyperuricemia: Hyperuricemia in patients with heart failure is associated with higher levels of serum markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], IL-6, and neutrophil count) [33] and higher levels of markers of endothelial activation, such as the soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and inflammatory markers such as IL-6, TNF-α, and its receptors [34,35].