HK2 and leukemia: Since mitochondria-bound HKII inhibits apoptosis in leukemia and lymphoma cell lines (Chen et al., 2009), it is intriguing to speculate that HKII prevents cytochrome c release by blocking the channel space in VDAC (Abu-Hamad et al., 2008), although conflicting reports suggest that the antiapoptotic effect of HKII may be instead dependent on the presence and/or activity of Cyclophilin D and ANT (Chiara et al., 2008).