In our study, NWO, defined by the combination of excess BF (sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds >P90 of the study sample) and normal BMI was associated with MS according to the JIS definition (OR = 6.83), HOMA2-IR (OR = 3.81), low insulin sensitivity (OR = 3.89) and high insulin secretion (OR = 2.17) in young adults (23–25 years) from Brazil, a middle-income country. This evidence concerns the gene INS and myeloid sarcoma.