To this end, PBMC obtained from 3 SLE patients were cultured in triplicates for 48 hours in the presence of medium alone, hCDR1 (25 μg/ml) or hCDR1 (25 μg/ml) with human recombinant IFN-α at concentrations of 100–10,000 U/ml. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.