Thus, hCDR1 down regulated (in vivo and in vitro, in murine SLE models and in human lupus) pro-inflammatory cytokines [11], [23], [24], apoptotic factors [18], [19], [23], [24], [36], B-cell stimulatory factors (BAFF/BLyS) [20], [24] and up regulated immunosuppressive cytokines [9], [11], [23], [24], [37] with the induction of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+regulatory T-cells [15], [23]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and systemic lupus erythematosus.