In model 1 with adjustment for age, BMI, and personal habits (smoking, alcohol drinking and betel quid chewing), adiponectin (beta = −0.421, P<0.001), leptin (beta = 0.111, P = 0.002), E2 (beta = −0.321, P<0.001) and 1,25(OH)2D3 (beta = −0.153, P<0.001) were all significantly independent predictors of MetS (Table 3). Here, LEP is linked to metabolic syndrome.