CD40LG and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: Taken with the data presented herein, it is plausible that antiretroviral regimens that induce sCD40L are capable of contributing to the deterioration of the BBB, and hence, aid in the pathogenesis of HAND, in addition to other HIV-associated illnesses that occur as a result of chronic inflammation, platelet activation, and subsequent release of sCD40L.