The major findings were summarized as follows: 1) BBR treatment protected against worse renal function and structure in the ARD rats in addition to a significant reduction in hypercholesterolemia; 2) BBR suppressed renal oxidative stress and inflammation, improved renal antioxidant defense capacity, and modulated the expression of iNOS and TGF-β in the kidney; and 3) BBR attenuated elevated NFκB-DNA binding activity and protein levels of subunits p65/p50 and IKKβ. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is familial hypercholesterolemia.