PECAM1 and neoplasm: By analyzing each IHC section longitudinally along the tumor, a range of baseline values can be calculated from the experimental data for key model parameters (Table S1), inspired by recent methods in mathematical pathology [36]: cell viability, necrosis, and spatial distribution pattern (from H&E), cell proliferation (from Ki-67), cell apoptosis (from Caspase-3), oxygen diffusion distance (from HIF-1α), and blood vessel density (from CD31).