PINCH is detected as a doublet at approximately 37 and 42 kDa (reminiscent of bands in Figure 3C), and compared to control, PINCH levels are increased in AD and HIVE, with a trend towards increased levels in more severe AD (compare Braak stages 1, 3, 5) (Figure 6A, B). Here, LIMS1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.