GATA4 and ventricular septal defect 1: It has been well-documented that mutations in GATA4 are associated with a number of congenital heart defects including ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, Tetralogy of Fallot, endocardial cushion defect, right ventricular hypoplasia, and double-inlet left ventricle[2],[18],[25],[28],[29].