In summary, current data revealed that near half of the patients with NSHL carry deafness-causing mutation in GJB2, GJB3, GJB6, SLC26A4, or mtDNA 12SrRNA genes: 43.57% in China (Table 4) and 50.06% in other countries (Table 5). The gene discussed is SLC26A4; the disease is deafness.