Because only one SNP might not represent genetic variation in genes, we tested the hypothesis that multiple potentially tagging SNPs of the PPAR-γ and RXR-α gene were associated individually or jointly with risk of T2DM in a case-control study with a moderate sample size (1,105 cases and 1,107 controls) in a Chinese Han population. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and type 2 diabetes mellitus.