FN1 and kidney disorder: Previous studies have demonstrated an important role for TGF-β1 in renal disease in that TGF-β1 appeared to be the major cytokine that regulated the cell proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis, increased the synthesis of matrix proteins such as fibronectin and collagen types I and III, decreased synthesis of proteases which could digest matrix, and mediated expansion of extracellular matrix and fibrosis in various models[27]–[29].